It started with the idea that parking tickets are given randomly, but the appeals process is based on knowable rules. When he was only 19 years old, Stanford student Joshua Browder created the mobile app DoNotPay. Since its inception, DoNotPay has helped users overturn thousands of parking tickets. It was a huge milestone in the field of legal expert systems, but it was only the beginning. Now Joshua has set his sights on using DoNotPay to help refugees who may not be able to afford a human lawyer to claim asylum via Facebook Messenger. The model works because the language is plain and the chatbot’s voice is compassionate, unlike many of the legal forms it helps users fill in. Expert systems may be one of the only scalable ways to address America’s access to justice crisis, and Joshua Browder’s pioneering work may show the way to the next generation of A2J coders.